The Behaviorist and Cognitive Approaches to Psychology Essay

The Behaviorist and Cognitive Approaches to Psychology In this essay I am going to explore two of the major approaches to Psychology, Cognitive theories and Behaviorist theories. I will discuss in some detail the two approaches, state how they compare and illustrate the similarities and the differences between them. John Watson, one of the founders of Behaviorism, based his theories on the principles of learning outlined by Pavlov who suggested the theory known as Classical Conditioning; he trained dogs to salivate whenever he rang a bell. Dogs have a natural reflex response to salivate when they see food, Pavlov rang a bell when the dogs were given food and after several repetitions of this†¦show more content†¦The Behaviorist approach limits the content of Psychological study to be only observable behavior. Behaviorists make the assumption that nearly all behaviors are caused by learned relationships between a Stimulus that excites the senses and a Response, which is the reaction to the Stimulus, for example a child might see a Spider (Stimulus) and be frightened (Response to seeing the Stimulus). In contrast Cognitive Psychologists have criticized the Stimulus, Response theory for not considering the mental processes that occur between the Stimulus and Response, for example going back to the situation of a child seeing a Spider and being frightened, the Cognitive approach would say that to understand why the person who saw the Spider reacted in a frightened manner, we need to understand what the mediating Cognition was, it could be that the child has some memories on a parent or other person seeing a spider and behaving in a frightened way. Behaviorists believe that since very little behavior in human beings is inherited, the focus is on the role of experience, which is expressed through learning. It is easy toShow MoreRelatedBiological Psychology : The Brain And Nervous System Essay888 Words   |  4 Pages1. Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed importantRead MoreSnapshot1702 Words   |  7 Pagesnot the content of his theories but his clinical innovations, such as the method of free association and a clinical interest in dreams. Freud had a significant influence on Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, whose analytical psychology became an alternative form of depth psychology. Other well-known psychoanalytic thinkers of the mid-twentieth century included Sigmund Freuds daughter, psychoanalyst Anna Freud; German-American psychologist Erik Erickson, Austrian-British psychoanalyst Melanie Klein,Read MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1105 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EVOLUTION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PAPER Evolution of Cognitive Psychology PSYCH 560 Latrice T. Colbert Julie Bruno, Psy.D September 6, 2010 Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. Not only is cognitive psychology central to everything a person does in his or her everyday life, it is also central to psychology’s quest to understand how peopleRead MoreApproaches Of Psychology And Psychology1465 Words   |  6 Pages Approaches of psychology essay Fray Brittany Mr. Perez Psych Pd.7 11 Sept. 2015 Word Count: 1,449 Psychology is a very complex thing to understand to make it easier it is split up. There are different ways to interpret the big picture in psychology it makes senses for people to do so. There are five approaches to psychology and they are Cognitive, Behavioral, Biological, Humanistic, and Psychodynamic. All of these approaches are different from one another but can sometimes be used together toRead MoreCognitive Psychology Definition Paper1387 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Psychology Definition Paper Randy Strickland University of Phoenix PSY/360 Dione Johnson July 111, 2011 Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper Introduction Cognition is the â€Å"science† term for the process of thought.† Its usage varies in different ways in accordance with different disciplines: For example, in psychology and cognitive science, it refers to an information processing view of an individuals psychological makeup. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitiveRead MoreTheories Of Personality And Personality1039 Words   |  5 Pagespoint in life, at a young age or as a resident in an elderly home, the question of who am I will arise. It is a convoluted mesh of thoughts and feelings that a person will go through before coming up with an answer. Some people may even experience cognitive dissonance in trying to explain different stages of life, while others will be comfortable in responding instantaneously with minimal cognition. In going through this process and drawing up the ‘who am I’ and individual is further confronted withRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Wor ds   |  5 PagesEvolution of Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is defined as â€Å"the scientific study of mental processes† (Riegler Riegler 2008, p. 1). During the 1960s, cognitive psychology became an emerging presence in the field of psychology. During this time period, attention to the study of â€Å"how internal states, such as thoughts, feelings, and moods influence behavior† (Cherry 2010, p. 12). Cognitive psychology studies how individuals think, comprehend language, and form beliefs. Human developmentRead MoreLearning Theories : Theory Of Behaviorism1037 Words   |  5 Pagesresponse to stimulus can be observed quantitatively, totally ignoring the possibility of thought processes occurring in the mind. Some key players in the development of the behaviorist theory were Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike and Skinner. Edward Thorndike did research in animal behavior before becoming interested in human psychology. He set out to apply the methods of exact science to educational problems by emphasizing accura te quantitative treatment of information. Anything that exists, existsRead MoreTheories of Personality Essay1147 Words   |  5 Pagespoint in life, at a young age or as a resident in an elderly home, the question of who am I will arise. It is a convoluted mesh of thoughts and feelings that a person will go through before coming up with an answer. Some people may even experience cognitive dissonance in trying to explain different stages of life, while others will be comfortable in responding instantaneously with minimal cognition. In going through this process and drawing up the ‘who am I’ and individual is further confronted withRead MoreCognitive Psychology Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive psychology began around 19th century. Different approaches have been used to trace the roots of psychology. It is also known that cognitive psychology was out numbered by behaviorism but later revived, bringing into being cognitive revolution. The paper discusses cognit ive revolution in the history of cognitive psychology as the most influential part in the practice of modern psychology. Introduction A scientific branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of cognition

Abstract. The Packaging Process At Ninkasi Brewery Adds

Abstract The packaging process at Ninkasi Brewery adds value to their end result that is delivering their best quality craft brews. Processes are key elements to a business’s ability to create and distribute products that will meet the needs of their target market; therefore the need for industries to analyze specific processes within their organizations is significant. This paper is an outline of understanding Ninkasi’s packaging and bottling process and how the brewery can apply quantitative and qualitative tools to potentially reduce defects in this specific process. Ninkasi Brewing Company: The Packaging Process Organization Description The organization I have chosen to analyze is Ninkasi Brewing Company. â€Å"Back in 2005, neither†¦show more content†¦Secondly, Ninkasi is extremely community oriented and has a program known as â€Å"Beer is Love,† which supports non-profit doing work in five core categories: women, equality, recreation, the environment, and arts and music. Lastly, I appreciate the company’s goal to perpetuate better living and their continued efforts to adopt more sustainable practices throughout the brewery. Overall, the company has several valuable traits and I look forward to digging deeper and gaining new knowledge about the company’s operations. Operation Description The operation in which I plan to explore is Ninkasi’s packaging process. I specifically plan to analyze the brewery’s bottling line and the brewery’s recent encounters for defects in their packaging process such as; low fills, crooked labels, chipped, or broken bottles, and equipment shut downs. First I will discuss how these problems can be identified. Second, I will apply quantitative tools to the problems. Third, I will provide insights into how Ninkasi may use these tools to potentially reduce defects in their packaging line. The Bottling Line Ninkasi’s bottling line is capable of producing both 22 oz. and 12 oz. bottles and can package 22 oz. bottles at a rate of 150 bottles per minute, and 12 oz. bottles at a rate of 250 bottles per minute. First, the machine takes empty bottles and runs them through a rinser cleaning them inside and out to ensure they are sent to the filler sanitized. Once the bottles are

Life of a Mullato Essay examples - 1054 Words

Life of a Mullato In Society, there has been one common way through which an individual can differentiate himself and that is race/color. Consequently, once a persons color is determined, it seems a class structure is established, a structure that not only describes the individuals social, political, but also their economic standards. Throughout most of nineteenth century literature that we have read its apparent, the class structure consisted of whites and blacks. Much of the literary works of the time stressed that to be black meant being despised and discriminated against by the white population. Moreover, the literature such as Our Nig portrayed whites as domineering and superior as they essentially controlled many black†¦show more content†¦After a thorough analysis of the racial identity of a mulatto, and a look at the lives of mulatto characters in works by Charles W. Chesnutt, Harriet Wilson and Wallace Thurman an understanding of what it means to be mulatto can be realized. In t he works we discussed, a mulatto was usually the offspring of a black woman and a white man; however, the key to comprehending the racial identity of a mulatto is much more deeper. A mulatto is constantly faced with the difficult task of struggling between two races that in the past have been in conflict with each other. In addition, they are faced with mixed feelings from the fellow pure bread black members. For example, in Blacker the Berry, Emma character, a mulatto encounter constant resentment and possible envy by not only blacks because of her lighter skin tone, but also from white peers. Even in present society, this is a reality of which many non-blacks are unaware, and which most blacks would prefer to overlook, rather than resolve. It was these revelations that authors like Chesnutt, Wilson, and Thurman attempted to bring insight on. Charles W. Chesnutt was born in Cleveland in 1858, to free parents of mixed racial heritage, and raised in Fayetteville, N.C. His youth in North Carolina as a mulatto was very influential in most of his works. Chesnutt absorbed the dialects and folktalesShow MoreRelatedThe Design Of Machines And The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1574 Words   |  7 Pagesslavery and the design of machines, to work for him. Despite the intentions Man had, such institutions have led to the destruction of humanity on earth. Referencing the texts R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots) by Karel ÄÅ'apek and The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, this essay postulates that the design of machines and the use of slavery have led to the overall destruction of humanity. Though it is important to identify that critics may argue that such institutionsRead MoreBooker T Washington Report1958 Words   |  8 PagesAfrican American community. His titles that he wore ranged anywhere from a teacher to a survivalist. Whichever he was called he made a change. Born into slavery Booker Taliaferro Washingt on was what they called a mullato. He was mixed he didn’t know his white father and his mother was mullato a slave on a plantation. He worked an s a servant in his child hood; he was born in 1856 so he lived through the civil war. Booker T. worked in coal mines in West Virginia, and then he heard about a school forRead MoreChanges in Latin America and East Asia during 1450 - Present Period1021 Words   |  4 Pagesindustries, such as tobacco and sugar. - Many Asians (Chinese and Indians) came as indentured servants to Spanish/Portuguese colonies to provide labor for sugar plantations starting from the 1830s. - The races of Mestizos (European and indigenous) and Mullatos (European and African) were created from interactions and had their own status and privileges Harish Chander When examining the change and continuity of demography in East Asia during the time period 1450-present, some things changed andRead MoreAnalysis Of Our Nig By Harriet E. Wilson1811 Words   |  8 Pagesnarrator from a young, beautiful mullato girl into an emotionally and physically crippled woman highlights the horrors of the society towards women but increases the pain because they are inflicted by other women. Harriet E. Wilson tells her story of the oppressions she suffers when she lived at a family house in the North of the US, where she undergoes violence and denigration. I mention in the North here to remove the assumption of slavery. She was a free mullato girl born of a white mother andRead MorePower Structure During The Era Of Slavery Essay2305 Words   |  10 Pages[the] ceaseless replication of the system„s violence did African sellers and European buyers render captives†¦ human commodities to market†. Over the period of time, the black body made a societal process that paralleled the importance of human life structure together with market importance. The moment these strategy crossed over the simple daily basis process, to a strong rigid structural institution of burdensome was the time that the Africans became marketed for later future use in slaveryRead MoreEssay On Salsa1201 Words   |  5 Pagesto a free mixing of the Europeans, Africans, and the Americans races. The mixture leads to a widespread racial syncretism that in turn leads to a racial discrimination among people. Several terms were used for discriminatory purposes for example ‘mullato’ meaning a small mull, ‘creole’ which meant that a person was raised by the master of the house, and ‘morisco’ which meant a person whose ancestry is one-quarter black. Many of these terms can be offensive to the modern sensibilities. The terms haveRead MoreThe Culture of Slavery in Walter Johnsons Book, Soul by Soul1063 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they could not learn the tasks their masters set out before them. (Johnson p. 210) Other slaves would mutilate their bodies to make themselves less saleable, some mothers would kill their own children so that they did not have to live life as a slave. (Johnson, p11) Others who had gained their freedom were sold back into slavery just because of their color such as Solomon Northup. ( Johnson, p. 80) Living as a piece of property was cruel, hard and futile. SlaveholdersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Evolution Of Grant 1266 Words   |  6 Pagesthat he abandoned religion. This is the void that is filled with the new-found joy. Though he realizes that Jefferson is ready to change in life, and has, in fact, changed to some extent, he starts to see that he can help his friend achieve better outcomes. That notwithstanding, when hanging out at the Rainbow Club, he is involved in a fight with the Mullatos. He does this since he does not comprehend that hatred has not gone away and not all persons would like the idea of Jefferson being transformedRead MoreA Study Of Latin American History1308 Words   |  6 Pageslively in countries such as Dominican Republic and Brazil where there are large African origins. There are many studies on race in Caribbean history as race has played an important role in historical narratives there as well as affected all aspects of life. There is much literature on this subject however, it is important to know that this is partly due to race being a central theme in sociological and anthropological studies. Another common trend we find in Latin American history narratives about raceRead MoreLiterature During The Harlem Renaissance1678 Words   |  7 Pagesuplift and mobility. Unfortunately, her passing put her in a dangerous situation, and the need to maintain her ‘white’ identity became a matter of life and death. This often became the case â€Å"in a time in American history when it could be dangerous to be black, and especially dangerous to be black in a white neighborhood, or white establishment, mullatos were acutely aware of the option to swing in the direction which would provide them with upward social mobility†. This need for sur vival overshadowed

Organizational Justice Impact Employee Job Commitment,...

Organizational justice is a concept that represents how fair employees feel they are being treated by their employer. This encompasses distributive justice, perceptions around outcomes such as pay and promotions, and procedural justice, how these outcomes are determined. Why is this important? An organization’s culture is defined by it. Organizational justice impacts employee job commitment, satisfaction, and performance. Employees perceptions of fairness will impact how successful a company is in their market. (Patrick, 2012) (Kreitner Kinicki, 2013) The concept of organizational justice was birthed out of equity theory. Pioneered by the psychologist John Stacey Adams, the theory holds that â€Å"motivation is a function of fairness in†¦show more content†¦As it sounds, pay transparency reflects on organizations decision to be open about the salary of each employee/position. In his Ted Talk, David Burkus (2016) challenges the traditional practice of secrecy around salaries. For Burkus (2016), pay transparency is the biggest way to combat inequity and pay discrimination. â€Å"Being open and transparent about how we compensate our team breeds trust amongst all people involved,† says Leo Widrich, CMO at Buffer (Baer, 2014). Buffer is a tech company focused on products and services to help organizations maximize their social media campaigns. Buffer publicly disclosed their salary formula and every employee is aware of what everyone makes, all the way up to the CEO. They consider the move to pay transparency as an â €Å"ethical imperative† and competitive advantage, highlighting their growth, profit, and company culture as proof. (Widrich, 2013) Is pay transparency the answer to problems of inequity in the workplace? The results at Buffer seem to point in that direction. However, larger organizations such as Google don’t seem to embrace the idea of pay transparency. An informal initiative internally publishing salaries, led by a Google engineer, was less than welcomed resulting in the denial of the engineer’s bonuses. (Weinberger, 2015) Professor of Strategy and Strategic Leadership, Todd Zenger (2016) encourages organizations to count the cost. According to Zenger, organizations should consider if payShow MoreRelatedJob Dissatisfaction Is A Result Of Turnover Intention Among Nashua City Employees852 Words   |  4 Pages Job Dissatisfaction is a Result of Employee Turnover Intention among Nashua City Employees The topic of my study is ‘Job dissatisfaction is a result of turnover intention among Nashua City employees.’ My study is significant because it will look at some issues that are negatively impacting non-management employees in the Works Division of the City of Nashua, resulting in poor performance. Although turnover intention is cited as one of the many factors associated with job dissatisfactionRead MoreProcedural Justice And Job Satisfaction Of Nursing Employees1523 Words   |  7 Pages outcome. According to the write-up, â€Å"procedural justice and job satisfaction of nursing employees are positively and significantly related to their innovative behavior† (Xerri, 2014, p.4), and â€Å"interactional justice directly affects job satisfaction and indirectly affects innovative behavior through job satisfaction† (Xerri, 2014, p.4). In other words, an organization that engages in practical apprehensions reaps perfected job satisfaction, which in turn has a bearing on workplace attitudes. ToRead MoreWhat Is Organisational Commitment And Why It Is Important?1240 Words   |  5 Pagesorganisational commitment and why it is important? The adopted definition for this study corresponds with definitions by Meyer and Allen (1991, p 67) (Allen, 1991)mentioned above. According to this definition organisational commitment â€Å"is a psychological state that characterises the employee’s relationship with the organisation, and has implications for the decision to continue membership in the organisation†. The second characteristic that is used to describe the concept organisational commitment is behaviourRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Leadership1275 Words   |  6 Pagesexecutive officers’ ethical leadership, organizational ethical culture, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the results indicate a positive influence of ethical leadership on organizational ethical culture and CSR. Neves and Story (2015) sampled 224 workers across 18 organizations to determine the impact of ethical leadership on organizational commitment and determined ethical leadership positively affected worker commitment and decreased organizational deviance. Demirtas and Akdogan (2015)Read MoreOrganizational Behavior That Affect The Organization And Employee Performance1495 Words   |  6 Pagesthe University Author’s Note â€Æ' Executive Summary The current report focuses on the organizational behaviour that affect the organization and employee performance. Organizational behaviour is one of the segments existing in the business process, which is certain to change. It can be added that study of organizational behaviour relates to the desired behaviour of an individual in the organization. Organizational behaviour consists of people, approach, technology, work culture and other significantRead MoreVinay Chaitanya (2014) Contended That Most Workers Need1568 Words   |  7 Pagesobligations to the best of their capacity and creation numbers increment. therefore, Employee motivation has dependably been a focal issue for leaders and manager. Unmotivated employees are probably going to spend practically no exertion in their employments, stay away from the work environment however much as could be expected, leave the organization if given the open door and deliver low quality work. Then again, employee who feel inspired to work a re probably going to be steady, imaginative and beneficialRead MoreThe Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices on Hourly (Non-Exempt) Retail Hr Employee Satisfaction and Loyalty.1348 Words   |  6 PagesVandenberghe). The role of Perceived Organizational Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices of hourly (non-exempt) retail HR employees may be related to low employee satisfaction and loyalty. The inferences of this study for HR practice leaders and their organizations are significant because a lack of perceived organizational support, may lead to poor employee satisfaction and loyalty, thereby adding costly affects of negative employee morale and turnover. Employee turnover represents a practicalRead MoreThe Evolution Of Leadership And Organizational Impact1161 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership History: The Evolution of Leadership and Organizational Impact Keywords: Leader, leadership, organizational impact, organizational performance Introduction The common denominator, according to Stone and Patterson (2005), shared by biblical patriots, Greek heroes Egyptian rulers is leadership; regardless of its influence, their lessons and philosophies continue to contribute to leadership today. This paper will present the definition of leadership that provides a framework for exploringRead MoreImpact of Acquisition on Employees Performance: A case Study of RBS818 Words   |  4 Pagesabout their jobs, if the employees feel satisfied they perform their duties efficiently and when acquired firm’s employee performed best it directly affect the acquired firm’s performance. Motivation is very necessary in any field when an employee get motivated they perform their duty with the best of their knowledge and try to work hard. According to different researcher there are many factors that could bring change and affect the organizational performance one of them is job satisfaction of the employeesRead MoreA Study on Employee Attitu de and Leadership Behaviour5259 Words   |  22 PagesResearch titled namely â€Å"A Study on Employee attitude Leadership Style† is a research study conducted among various managers in different functional areas in Sify Software Limited Everonn Education Limited. In this research study, the researcher has made an attempt to identify the various styles followed by leaders due to different behavior among employees. The study mainly focus on the various attitudes of employee’s in different groups and its impact of the performance if individual, group or team

Personal Statment Free Essays

Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are? I have been playing keyboard for about five years, which I really enjoy, I got my keyboard lessons from Melody International School of Music. My music school has recitals each year for it’s students show what they have learned over the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Statment or any similar topic only for you Order Now After attending the music school for about two years, my Instructor told me that I was dead for my first recital, which I was really exited for, since I started attending the music school I have always wanted to perform on a stage and have an audience to Impress. But I didn’t know the preparation for the recital and the recital Itself would teach me a great life long lesson that I would need In life. It was December when my Instructor told me we were going to have our recital In about three months. He also told me that it was going to be a â€Å"bit† hard for me because I had to perform with al the students, at first I thought to myself he was just joking until he handed me a pile of paper, which were the notes of the songs the students choose to perform at the recital. At last he added I had three months to practice all one hundred and thirteen songs and to master them better than the performer, at that moment I felt so much pressure on myself, and so stressed out like the recital was tomorrow and I wasn’t ready. I did what every person would do, panic because this was my first recital, and I had to perform on stage for two hours. But I had no choice I got to work, I practiced everyday for more than two hours each day and in addition to that I had to go to music studios every Sunday to practice with all of the students. There where days that I Just gave up on myself and I felt like I sucked but I still kept practicing, with in a month I saw progress, I could play the notes very well but still need to work on it but most importantly I didn’t feel so bad about myself and there was less pressure on me. The three months passed so quick I felt I was sleep the whole time but I had been racketing and I had mastered all of the songs and I was ready to impress my audience. The recital was on March second, all of the students had to dress nice and professional, I wore a white shirt with black pants and black shoes. As my dad was driving me to the auditorium I felt so calm and relaxed because I knew that I was ready and I believe in myself and so did my Instructor. The guests started arriving slowly and by like thirty minutes the auditorium was full of people and the host stepped on to the stage and welcomed the guest and Introduced the Instructors and old to the audience that he wanted to Introduce a special person and at that moment I heard footsteps that were coming toward me and turned back and saw It was my Instructor witch came and grabbed me on my arm and told me to stand up and all of a sudden I heard my name over the speakers and he pulled me on to the stage and Introduced me to the audience and gave me a trophy, as the most valued musician at Melody International School of Music. I felt it was a dream, I could believe for her sit. The recital started and I was in a very good mood I performed very well ring the first session of the recital and the one half was remaining but I wasn’t worried about it. After the second half ended they handed each student a trophy and the host finished the program. When everything was finished I felt so blessed that everything went so smooth, and felt the pressure was off me when I got it the day my instructor told me about everything about the recital. Everyone was so proud of me, my parents, my instructor, my family member, even some of the audience member congratulated me, and my family and that’s was where I know I made my audience impressed. How to cite Personal Statment, Papers

Group Discussions Higher Learning Institutions

Question: Discuss about theGroup Discussionsfor Higher Learning Institutions.. Answer: Introduction Higher Learning institutions have a wide variety of methods that can be used to determine the level of productivity of each and every student. One of these ways is group discussions. As much as group discussion may have proven to be beneficial, time conscious and more resourceful in the past, modern students may have a contrasting opinion regarding the same (Burns, 2014 p. 34). Reasons such as the potential of reducing the students attitude and self-belief in great performances are just but a few of some of the quoted facts. This study provides further details. Major Body To begin with, it has been proved that one of the major challenges facing the student fraternity as far as group works are concerned is the fact that at one point in time, students may encounter negative experiences in their respective groups and this may end up affecting their future expectations and obligation of great performance. The worst feeling that could catch up with a student is the fact that he feels that he is the reason of his poor performance in school. In most cases, students hate failing but if they fail, they would rather have it blamed on someone else (Burns, 2014 p. 34). Second to note, there are particular topics and sub topics that even when discussed by students, do not outline the requirements and objectives of the learning course. In other words, students would prefer thematic discussions rather than open ended ones as this may end up sending them on a whole new wrong turn of achieving success. Additionally, there are specific topics in all the learning course s that have short and concise facts that when given the opportunity to discuss among students, will more likely achieve the same results that would have been achieved through personal works. (Burke, 2013 p.56). Reliable sources of information reveal the fact that no matter the direction of the group discussions, the value of the teacher is still as invaluable as it were in normal theoretical classes. In reality, this is a poor approach to tackling education studies in the sense that it is out to exhaust the capabilities of students without paying attention to their respective growth and development processes. Additionally, students feel that teachers may have taken a safer approach to this matter by making group work a unidirectional objective rather than a multi-dimensional idea. Diversification of learning objectives would do a great justice here (Burke, 2013 p.56). In addition to the above, fourth to note is the fact that instructors have by far been attempting to rub into the mentality of students that group discussions are good for their growth and development in academic studies yet no one in particular has been able to say how. The fact that teachers are patronizing students gives th em the impression that instructors are all about satisfying their course objectives without considering the level of comprehension of different concepts (Hillyard, 2010 p. 38). It is only reasonable that if the instructors so much insist that group discussions are beneficial, they should simply share the knowledge with students. Away from the positive impacts of group discussions, it comes out clear that students may end up resenting group works due to unequal distribution of workloads among different groups (Kurtz, 2013 p. 34). In higher learning institutions, students that are bright enough end up getting in the company of each other while the slow learners are left to scramble and scratch for group mates. Instructors may decide to assign the bright students complex or task that may take longer to complete and assign the simple tasks to the slow learners. In a whole new perspective, a particular portion of students have the opinion that group discussions have a positive impact in easing the understanding of some of the complex topics of a particular course. Through sharing of information from the teachers to the students, it becomes obvious that chances of exchanging a wide collection of reliable concepts shoot a long way above the expected rate. Renowned sociologist and professor of Harvard University Dan iel Goleman has the opinion that learning is supposed to be dimensional process where the teacher as well as learners are open to taking ideas from each other so as to improve mastering of basic courses concepts. Back to the idea of attitude and positive progressive learning, research has proved that for a student to excel in his studies, he is obliged to establish the right type of mindset during all learning sessions as this will increase his chances of mastering the concepts ideally. In cases where the students have no idea what the learning objectives might be, the capability of fostering a great positive mindset goes lower. To be able to secure a constant positive mentality, it takes the power of the personal belief of the student to trust that there is more to success other than just the success of studies. During group discussions, other lazy students would like to leave all the researching activities to hardworking students. In the long run, the group ends up being dysfunctional owing to the fact that there are specific stakeholders that are not contended with the services that the lazy and ghost participants of the organization might be offering (Olson, 2015 p. 34). In such a case, i t is without doubt that the quality of the outcome that the group will present by the end of the discussion session would be totally sub-standard. This would be a negative way to end the learning period. As far as the management of the assigned work goes, at isolated occasions the instructor might be out of the picture either legitimately or for whichever reason but the bottom line still remains that in his absence, the student leader or representative will be forced to complete from wherever he stopped. In relation to this, other students think that the class representative may be working hand in hand with the instructor so that he can receive extra points especially in most difficult courses (Watkins, 2015 p. 54). Moreover, it is only fair to establish a fair and level learning ground to all students regardless of the differences in between. Conclusion In conclusion, to this point of the study, it has successfully been established that group discussions have both demerits and benefits depending with the perspective of the researcher. For instance, in an instructors point of view, he only sees that he is encouraging the learners to embrace other new methods of learning. On the other end, student feel like group discussions are a safe way that lecturers use to avoid the concepts of complex topics of the various courses of each learning session. To sum it all up, the objectives of group discussions need to be revisited. Bibliography Burke, W. (2015). Organization Development. UK: FT Press Hillyard, C. (2010). University Students attitudes about learning in small groups after participation. New York: Active Learning Publishers. Kurtz, S. (2013). Learning Communication skills in Medicine. New York: AMACOM Olson, M. (2015). An Introduction to Theories of Learning. New York: Psychology Press Watkins, K. (2015). Informal and Incidental Learning at the workplace. Routledge: Routledge Publishers.

Business Continuity and Emergency Planning †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Continuity and Emergency Planning. Answer: Introduction: The learning experience I have gone through is an eye-opener in the cybersecurity sector. I have learned several ways which criminals use to carry out injustices to unsuspecting businesses, companies, and individuals. Cybercriminals often use viruses and malware to infiltrate the security and computing systems of business data by stealing, corrupting to suit their pre-planned ill-intentions (Labuschagne and Veerasamy 2013). As such, many businesses are raising the concern of their safety on the internet. Due to increased technological advancement, businesses are embracing use of the internet to streamline operations which in most cases put them at risk of cyber-attack. For example, many businesses are falling victims of extortion management, phishing attacks, and hackling which usually interfere with smooth operations of daily activities (Labuschagne and Veerasamy 2013). In particular, hacking of data systems of a company can paralyze its operations completely. The value of these experiences is very important as it has enabled me to know the techniques used by criminals to propagate cyberattacks. Therefore, through this learning experience, I have acquired basic skills of reducing and preventing cyberattack. For instance, in a situation where an attack takes place, the company can make changes to all default passwords to secure access to the system (Scully 2014). Other valuable experiences include; adjusting and removing administrative rights, and training of staff on the importance of guarding confidential information. Additionally, companies can encourage password rotation to break down security familiarity and consistent identification and application of missing security patches (Jing et al. 2014). How this learning process will be useful to me This learning experience will serve me well in my course by broadening my understanding of information technology sector. Most importantly, techniques used by cybercriminals to steal confidential information and paralyze operations of various organizations management. Moreover, this learning experience has helped me understand and acquire research skills which are often an asset to any learning institution. My program has got a boost as far as deep understanding is concerned. In particular, I have got exposed to more literature, case studies, real-life examples how cyberattack has affected businesses and companies. Those insights have solidified my knowledge base on this program. I am quite more knowledgeable now as compared to when I started the program. From what I learned on challenges associated with a cyber-attack, I intend to specialize in cybersecurity. This has been inspired by attacks on big multinational companies like Google where their Chinese headquarters detected a security breach which revealed that hackers gained access to the main server and stole their intellectual property in 2009 (Tan and Tan 2012). As such, I would like to prevent such attacks in the future. Generally, this learning experience has enabled me to understand that cyberattack can be propagated not only through company computers but also through our smartphones (Labuschagne and Veerasamy 2013). I, therefore, plan to advise friends and families to careful with their phones to prevent theft of confidential information. It is also important to avoid using personal phones in accessing company servers as this makes is prone to attack. Objective description of what happened in the learning process The learning process began by coming up with the research topic. After wide consultation with my instructor, I settled on, "challenges in cybersecurity for businesses." I was concerned with the fact that both small and multinational companies are experiencing problems associated with cyber-attacks which lead to loss of revenue and confidential information. After reading a lot of literature on various companies that faced cyber-attacks and combining with the course materials, I specified my objectives for the study. The primary objective of the study being, to describe the effects of cybersecurity for both small and large business enterprises. Further, since cybersecurity is quite broad, I did set boundaries of my study. In particular, I settled on challenges in cybersecurity for companies' operations. Consequently, I consulted various pieces of literature which solidified my objectives that cybersecurity is a problem to small and big business. In the process of my research, I read that challenges in cybersecurity are propagated through data breaches, cloud computing, hacking, social networks, and mobile devices (Kim, Wang, and Ullrich 2012). Nevertheless, I read on mitigation strategies to these challenges, for example, using passwords to access organizational systems management (Scully 2014). Furthermore, I designed the research methodologies what would guide sample size and population, research design, data collection and analysis and even set my research schedule to guide my study. Evaluation of what I learned Business research techniques have been helpful in the process of this study. In particular, I learned how to frame my research topic o be simple, clear, and understandable. Moreover, when it came to designing the objectives, I learned of the primary objective, which is the core of the research topic and secondary objectives which helped me not to deviate from the main course of my research (Cooper, Schindler, and Sun 2006). More often, many researchers tend to deviate from the main topic of study and include things that tend to be general. Fortunately, through the help of business research guidelines, I designed clear and simple research questions that limited my parameters of study which helped me stay focused on the topics. Furthermore, owing to the various research designs, I chose the right approach of this study, which makes it valid in the academic arena. I also learned of many data collection and analysis techniques but settled on the most appropriate courtesy on insights learned on business research. For instance, I chose qualitative approach since it requires a small sample from the cybersecurity of businesses to represent the whole or the entire population is small (Cooper, Schindler, and Sun 2006). As such, skills from business research led to the successful completion of this study. From this research process on challenges of cybersecurity for businesses, I learned how identity theft can damage a reputation of a company or an individual. In many cases, individuals have committed suicide, and companies close down because of a cyber-attack. For example, Monica Lewinsky has explained how cyberattack cost her privacy to the extent she felt like committing suicide (Williams and Delli Carpini 2000). Notably, small and big businesses have fallen prey of cyber-attacks. Broadly, in American politics, there was alleged hacking of the presidential elections which shows how cyber-attacks can be very detrimental to our lives. Therefore, these injustices formed my hypothesis that cyber-attacks affect both small and big business operations. Nonetheless, I focused on businesses since they influence our economy and the well-being of the society. Large companies like Google have been affected by cyber-attacks which often result in loss of confidential information and consequently the destruction of businesses (Tan and Tan 2012). Therefore, this learning process is important to the academic and business communities globally. A plan of how I will apply what I have learned Lessons learned from this research will form the basis of pursuing further career opportunities. Most businesses and organizations are embracing technology which put their operations and data at the mercy of cyber attackers. Intrinsically, I am tempted to pursue a career in cybersecurity to offer preventive and protective technologies to the business community, more so the small businesses. Even before enrolling for cybersecurity program, I can now sensitize my friends, families, and small businesses on the importance of taking measures to protect their data such as using passwords. This will to some extent help people especially, with the growing number of people using smartphones to conduct business. Considering the fact that I aspire to have my own company, I am now convinced on the right company to set up. Cybersecurity Solutions Company. I must say that through this research study, I have identified more business opportunities which can help solve businesses challenges in the community. Most small businesses believe that cybersecurity strategies are very expensive and thus opt to operate without taking such precautions (Prince and King 2012). As such, I will take an initiative of offering effective low-cost solutions to small businesses. References Cooper, D.R., Schindler, P.S. and Sun, J., 2006.Business research methods(Vol. 9). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jing, Q., Vasilakos, A.V., Wan, J., Lu, J. and Qiu, D., 2014. Security of the internet of things: Perspectives and challenges.Wireless Networks,20(8), pp.2481-2501. Kim, S.H., Wang, Q.H. and Ullrich, J.B., 2012. A comparative study of cyberattacks.Communications of the ACM,55(3), pp.66-73. Labuschagne, W.A. and Veerasamy, N., 2013, July. Dangers of Social Networking Sites?the Propagation of Malware. InProceedings of the 12th European Conference on Information Warfare and Security: ECIW 2013(p. 173). Academic Conferences Limited. Prince, D. and King, N., 2012. Small Business Cyber Security Survey 2012. Scully, T., 2014. The cyber security threat stops in the boardroom.Journal of business continuity emergency planning,7(2), pp.138-148. Tan, J. and Tan, A.E., 2012. Business under threat, technology under attack, ethics under fire: The experience of Google in China.Journal of business ethics,110(4), pp.469-479. Williams, B.A. and Delli Carpini, M.X., 2000. Unchained reaction: The collapse of media gatekeeping and the ClintonLewinsky scandal.Journalism,1(1), pp.61-85.